Skills in demand at quantum companies in Europe

Technologies, skills and degrees asked for in 355 open positions at quantum companies in Europe, read from the full text of every posting and updated daily.

Programming languages

  • Python: 40% of jobs (141)
  • C++: 9% of jobs (31)
  • Verilog / SystemVerilog: 3% of jobs (10)
  • Rust: 2% of jobs (8)
  • SQL: 2% of jobs (7)
  • MATLAB: 1% of jobs (5)
  • VHDL: 1% of jobs (5)
  • TypeScript / JavaScript: 1% of jobs (3)

Quantum SDKs & tools

  • Qiskit: 2% of jobs (7)
  • PennyLane: 1% of jobs (5)
  • Cirq: 1% of jobs (4)
  • OpenQASM: 1% of jobs (2)
  • Stim: 1% of jobs (2)
  • QuTiP: 1% of jobs (2)
  • CUDA-Q: 0% of jobs (1)

Quantum topics

  • Characterization & benchmarking: 21% of jobs (76)
  • Error correction / fault tolerance: 19% of jobs (66)
  • Quantum control & calibration: 7% of jobs (26)
  • Quantum sensing & metrology: 7% of jobs (25)
  • Quantum algorithms: 6% of jobs (23)
  • Quantum compilation: 5% of jobs (18)
  • Quantum simulation & chemistry: 1% of jobs (4)
  • Optimization / annealing: 1% of jobs (2)

Qubit platforms

  • Superconducting qubits: 16% of jobs (56)
  • Photonic qubits: 8% of jobs (29)
  • Spin qubits / silicon: 6% of jobs (21)
  • Neutral atoms: 5% of jobs (18)
  • Trapped ions: 1% of jobs (4)
  • Color centers (NV): 1% of jobs (3)

Hardware & lab

  • Cryogenics: 25% of jobs (88)
  • RF / microwave: 17% of jobs (59)
  • Nanofabrication & cleanroom: 13% of jobs (47)
  • Lasers & optics: 12% of jobs (42)
  • Embedded systems: 8% of jobs (29)
  • Test & measurement: 7% of jobs (26)
  • ASIC / IC design: 6% of jobs (23)
  • Photonic integrated circuits: 5% of jobs (17)

Software & infrastructure

  • HPC: 15% of jobs (55)
  • CI/CD: 6% of jobs (23)
  • Git: 5% of jobs (16)
  • Docker / containers: 4% of jobs (14)
  • Linux: 2% of jobs (8)
  • Kubernetes: 2% of jobs (8)
  • GPU / CUDA: 2% of jobs (7)
  • AWS: 2% of jobs (6)

AI & data

  • Data analysis & statistics: 15% of jobs (55)
  • Machine learning: 8% of jobs (30)
  • NumPy / SciPy: 2% of jobs (6)
  • PyTorch: 1% of jobs (5)
  • TensorFlow: 1% of jobs (5)
  • JAX: 1% of jobs (3)
  • LLMs / generative AI: 1% of jobs (2)

Design & simulation tools

  • Ansys / HFSS: 5% of jobs (17)
  • Cadence / Virtuoso: 5% of jobs (16)
  • Layout tools (KLayout, GDS): 3% of jobs (11)
  • COMSOL: 2% of jobs (6)
  • Lumerical: 2% of jobs (6)
  • LabVIEW: 0% of jobs (1)